Does the brake light work with the foot pedal? That would give you some hints where to start troubleshooting right off the bat. You should be able to get a tester at just about any hardware store or home improvement place... maybe even Wal-Mart but I don't know for sure about that because I've never looked for them there.
You can get a really cheap one like this (like $1.50)
One not quite as cheap like this (less than $10)
or a multi-meter like this (starting around $10 and go up from there)
Just touch the black lead to ground and the red lead to where power should be. Pull the brake lever to make the brake light come on. If you're using a tester and it works, the the light on the test will light. If your using the meter, make sure it is set to 12 volts and see if the meter moves to indicate it's receiving power.
If it were me and this was my first time trying to track something like this down, I would get the middle tester, the one that looks like an ice pick. Connect the alligator clip to the frame somewhere and touch the pointy tip to where there should be power. Test it somewhere you know works first to make sure you have a good ground connection. Once you can make the tester light come on, you know you are good to go searching for the problem.
I always start at the end of the circuit.... I don't know why, that's just what I do. In your case, I'd start at the tail light. Turn on one of the blinkers and connect the tester as described above. The tester light (inside the handle) should come on every time your blinker blinks. Once you have verified the tester is working and connected properly, you're ready for your search. If it doesn't work at the brake light, then just start searching. You can either work your way back slowly down the line or jump back to the beginning of the circuit, then the middle, etc. Once you find a spot where you are getting power, you're just going to have to trace it down to where the power is getting interrupted and then you'll know what the problem is (for instance it works on one side of the switch, but not the other, then you know the switch is bad).
You should be able to do at least some general testing without too much trouble. If the problem is a pinched/broken wire somewhere in the middle of the bike, it could be quite a pain to track it down and I would suggest you have a shop manual with wiring diagrams so you know where the circuit goes.
Hopefully it's something simple and fairly easy to track down, but just know that sometimes tracking down an electrical gremlin is harder than finding Osama Bin Laden.